d_manual:d4
Differences
This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.
| d_manual:d4 [08/26/2025 08:29] – created Lt. Kirk | d_manual:d4 [08/26/2025 08:49] (current) – Lt. Kirk | ||
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| - | =====D-4 | + | =====D-4 |
| ===Maintenance Manual=== | ===Maintenance Manual=== | ||
| - | ==Date Revised: | + | ==Date Revised: |
| < | < | ||
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| + | ===Cold Weather=== | ||
| - | + | ==Driving Procedures== | |
| - | ====Driving Procedures==== | + | |
| From November 1 through April 1, these extra precautions shall be followed: | From November 1 through April 1, these extra precautions shall be followed: | ||
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| * Report hydrants used at an incident to dispatch before you leave the scene. | * Report hydrants used at an incident to dispatch before you leave the scene. | ||
| - | Be certain to give extra attention to driving for the conditions! | + | **__Be |
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| - | ==== Apparatus and Equipment Concerns==== | + | === Apparatus and Equipment Concerns=== |
| Maintenance concerns while operating at fire scenes. | Maintenance concerns while operating at fire scenes. | ||
| - | * Handling hose after use.\\ \\ | + | * Handling hose after use:\\ \\ |
| - | * One firefighter can break, drain, and roll 2 lengths of hose without the hose freezing. | + | |
| * If reloading; break, drain, and reload one attack line at a time. | * If reloading; break, drain, and reload one attack line at a time. | ||
| - | * If hose is frozen, do not roll. Place hose in the bed of a Ladder Truck and return to the station to thaw. | + | * If hose is frozen, do not roll. Place hose in the LDH bed and return to the station to thaw. |
| - | * Engines not pumping (**at any fire or EMS run when the temperature is 32 degrees F or below**).\\ \\ | + | * Engines not pumping (**at any fire or EMS run when the temperature is 32 degrees F or below**):\\ \\ |
| * Engage pumps. | * Engage pumps. | ||
| * Open tank to pump valve. | * Open tank to pump valve. | ||
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| * Throttle to 800 RPMs. | * Throttle to 800 RPMs. | ||
| - | * Engines used for pumping (November | + | * Engines used for pumping (November |
| * After you obtain a hydrant supply, top off your booster tank if you pumped from it. | * After you obtain a hydrant supply, top off your booster tank if you pumped from it. | ||
| - | * Iced up Aerial Ladders\\ \\ | + | * Iced up Aerial Ladders:\\ \\ |
| * Shut down and drain the waterway **while elevated** | * Shut down and drain the waterway **while elevated** | ||
| * Contact the Maintenance Bureau before attempting to retract or move unless the apparatus or crew is in immediate danger. | * Contact the Maintenance Bureau before attempting to retract or move unless the apparatus or crew is in immediate danger. | ||
| \\ | \\ | ||
| - | ====Apparatus and Equipment Concerns-Additional==== | + | ===Apparatus and Equipment Concerns-Additional=== |
| - | Freezing water is an apparatus! biggest enemy during cold weather operations. These additional precautionary steps are to be followed in cold weather. | + | Freezing water is an apparatus' |
| * When shutting down lines, open all bleeders to drain any water that might still be in lines. Also, drain all pressure and intake relief valve drains, if so equipped. | * When shutting down lines, open all bleeders to drain any water that might still be in lines. Also, drain all pressure and intake relief valve drains, if so equipped. | ||
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| * For monitors with drains, open the drain. If not so equipped, upright the device. | * For monitors with drains, open the drain. If not so equipped, upright the device. | ||
| - | * Pump freezing can be avoided by using the volume of water stored in your water tank to your advantage. The combined pump and tank water has sufficient volume that it would take a significant amount of time to get to freezing temperature. Also, with pump re-circulation, | + | * Pump freezing can be avoided by using the volume of water stored in your water tank to your advantage. The combined pump and tank water have sufficient volume that it would take a significant amount of time to get to freezing temperature. Also, with pump re-circulation, |
| - | * To make sure the pump is full when the apparatus is not in use, is sitting in quarters or driving down the highway, leave both tank valves open (tank fill and tank-to-pump). This procedure, called the **wet pump method**, induces movement through convection that will tend to equalize the temperature of the water in the pump to the water in the tank. When arriving on a fire scene, tank water will always be accessible even if the tank valve or leakage freezes because it will freeze in the open position. If the tank fill valve should freeze open, proper discharge pressure could probably still be obtained. | + | * To make sure the pump is full when the apparatus is not in use, is sitting in quarters or driving down the highway, leave both tank valves open (tank fill and tank-to pump). This procedure, called the **wet pump method**, induces movement through convection that will tend to equalize the temperature of the water in the pump to the water in the tank. When arriving on a fire scene, tank water will always be accessible even if the tank valve or leakage freezes because it will freeze in the open position. If the tank fill valve should freeze open, proper discharge pressure could probably still be obtained. |
| * The engine cooler knob mounted on the pump panel should remain in the " | * The engine cooler knob mounted on the pump panel should remain in the " | ||
| - | * The biggest concern about the braking system in cold weather is water in the brake system. If ice should form in an air brake line, the ice may block the air supply in the system. If ice blocks the supply to the air storage tanks, low-air warnings will engage and warn the driver/ | + | * The biggest concern about the braking system |
| * To separate frozen fittings, liquid de-icer, road flares or vehicle exhaust can be utilized. | * To separate frozen fittings, liquid de-icer, road flares or vehicle exhaust can be utilized. | ||
| - | * Apparatus will **not** be washed when the temperature is lower than 15 degrees F. Apparatus, however, may be washed at the discretion of, and under the direct supervision of, the Officer on duty. Only for the purpose of removing a buildup of salt. | + | * Apparatus, will not be washed when the temperature is lower than 15 degrees F. Apparatus, however, may be washed at the discretion of and under the direct supervision of the Officer on duty, only for the purpose of removing a buildup of salt. |
| - | The **wind-chill factor** is the measurement of the effects of the outside temperature combined with the wind speed on bare human skin. The temperature of a piece of steel will go no lower than the outside real temperature whether the wind is blowing at 0 mph or 50 mph but the wind does affect the time it takes equipment to cool down. The higher the wind speed, the faster equipment will lose its heat. However, the temperature of the equipment will not fall below the real temperature. | + | The **wind-chill factor** is the measurement of the effects of the outside temperature combined with the wind speed on bare human skin. The temperature of a piece of steel will go no lower than the outside real temperature whether the wind is blowing at 0 mph or 50 mph but the wind **does** affect the time it takes equipment to cool down. The higher the wind speed, the faster equipment will lose its heat. However, the temperature of the equipment will not fall below the real temperature. Apparatus are most directly affected by the wind when driven down the road, hence the concern when responding long distances. The apparatus and all its equipment (including the water in the tank) will cool down at a much faster rate at highway speed than while sitting still and should be considered |
| - | Apparatus are most directly affected by the wind when driven down the road, hence the concern when responding long distances. The apparatus and all its equipment (including the water in the tank) will cool down at a much faster rate at highway speed than while sitting still and should be taken into account | + | |
| ---- | ---- | ||
| - | =====Warm Weather Operations===== | + | ===Warm Weather Operations=== |
| * Check the front side of the radiator for debris such as leaves, pine needles, mud, and dirt. If air cannot get through the radiator fins, the coolant cannot cool the motor. Apparatus with center-mounted radiators suck the air from the road. This problem is commonly overlooked. | * Check the front side of the radiator for debris such as leaves, pine needles, mud, and dirt. If air cannot get through the radiator fins, the coolant cannot cool the motor. Apparatus with center-mounted radiators suck the air from the road. This problem is commonly overlooked. | ||
| - | * Check both engine temperature gauges, There is one gauge on the pump panel and one gauge on the dashboard. Watch the gauges during startup and warm-up, making sure that the motor warms up gradually to operating temperature (180 degrees F) and then maintains that temperature. Compare the gauges against each other to make sure they are within 10% of each other. | + | * Check both engine temperature gauges. There is one gauge on the pump panel and one gauge on the dashboard. Watch the gauges during startup and warm-up, making sure that the motor warms up gradually to operating temperature (180-195 degrees F depending on engine thermostat) and then maintains that temperature. Compare the gauges against each other to make sure they are within 10% of each other. |
| - | + | ||
| - | * Normal motor operating temperature is 195 degrees F. The motor (and all its components), | + | |
| - | * Because of its design, a diesel | + | * Normal |
| - | * When the temperature reaches the coolant' | + | * Because of its design, a diesel motor will also lose power operating with an ambient (outside) air temperature of 90 degrees F. or higher. At this temperature, |
| - | * Check the Auxiliary Cooler Valve which may also be called the Engine Cooler or the Motor Cooler. This cooler valve mounted on the panel is a very misunderstood component. | + | * Check the Auxiliary Cooler Valve which may also be called the Engine Cooler or the Motor Cooler. This cooler valve mounted on the panel is a very misunderstood component. |
| - | * By leaving the motor cooler on at all times or by turning the motor cooler on before the operating temperature is reached, a delay or even motor damage (a result of improper engine warm-up) may occur. | + | |
| - | * Turn on the motor cooler __only after the motor reaches 180 degrees F, and make sure that the motor does not overcool__. | + | |
| * During hot weather pumping operation, turn off all unnecessary accessories such as the A/C, emergency lights, and headlights. The alternator will now use less horsepower, thus generating less heat by the motor. Running at higher RPM will help cool the motor. This can be accomplished by increasing RPMs and controlling hose discharge pressures by gating and feathering rather than using the throttle. | * During hot weather pumping operation, turn off all unnecessary accessories such as the A/C, emergency lights, and headlights. The alternator will now use less horsepower, thus generating less heat by the motor. Running at higher RPM will help cool the motor. This can be accomplished by increasing RPMs and controlling hose discharge pressures by gating and feathering rather than using the throttle. | ||
| Line 93: | Line 87: | ||
| * The pump also needs the same special care. Keep the water flowing; never let it churn inside the pump. During overhaul operations, when less water is flowing, let the water re-circulate, | * The pump also needs the same special care. Keep the water flowing; never let it churn inside the pump. During overhaul operations, when less water is flowing, let the water re-circulate, | ||
| - | * Cavitation happens at higher water temperature. The magic number for incoming water temperature is **60 degrees F**. Theory says that the water will easily cavitate at above 60 degrees F, when combined with the high pump temperatures. **Keeping adequate incoming residual pressures is even more important in hot weather.** | + | * Cavitation happens at higher water temperature. The magic number for incoming water temperature is 60 degrees F. Theory says that the water will easily cavitate at above 60 degrees F. when combined with the high pump temperatures. **Keeping adequate incoming residual pressures is even more important in hot weather**. |
| - | * Drafting with warm water can pose real problems, especially if a high " | + | * Drafting with warm water can pose real problems, especially if a high " |
| * While driving the apparatus, watch motor temperatures in heavy traffic. The use of transmission retarders can quickly heat up transmission fluid. The instrument panel has a transmission temperature gauge for just this reason. The transmission will start overheating at 330 degrees F. and could self-destruct at 360 degrees F. or above. | * While driving the apparatus, watch motor temperatures in heavy traffic. The use of transmission retarders can quickly heat up transmission fluid. The instrument panel has a transmission temperature gauge for just this reason. The transmission will start overheating at 330 degrees F. and could self-destruct at 360 degrees F. or above. | ||
| - | With warm weather, brake pads and shoes heat up quicker and stay hot longer. The driver-operator should know the apparatus’ limitations and drive accordingly. | + | * With warm weather, brake pads and shoes heat up quicker and stay hot longer. The driver-operator should know the apparatus' |
| - | *Portions of these procedures have been taken from "Media for Fire Engineering" | + | Portions of these procedures have been taken from "Media for Fire Engineering" |
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d_manual/d4.txt · Last modified: by Lt. Kirk